Laser shaft alignment pump laser alignment easy laser. The intuitive and affordable laser shaft alignment system skf shaft alignment tool tksa 31 the tksa 31 is skf s most affordable solution for easy laser shaft alignment. At ansi american national standards institute in the usa, work has been conducted for some time aimed at standardizing shaft alignment tolerances for axially coupled machines. The suggested tolerances shown below are general values based upon over fifteen years of shaft alignment experience at pruftechnik ltd and should not be exceeded. Abstract shaft alignment is a key factor in reducing vibrations and.
Proper shaft alignment is especially critical when the motor is operated at high speeds. The coupling manufacturer is generally concerned with their product effectively transmitting energy from one shaft to another. The 1day shaft alignment training presentation covers the entire process of machine alignment from pre alignment checks through to providing shaft alignment tolerances. A coupling alignment tolerance is often but not always the maximum amount of misalignment the coupling will operate at before premature failure. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition.
Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. This guide provides information for the implementation of good pulley alignment of beltdriven equipment including terminology, alignment methods as well as belt maintenance, storage and tensioning. Alignment tolerances no industry standard on alignment exists. Article that describes a new way to perform laser shaft alignments by performing both the vertical and horizontal adjustments from one set of alignment data, what vibralign now calls the vertizontal compound move. The alignment standard suggested for fourdial gage method, which provides the technician the recommended approach for the quickest way with quality alignment. This is a wideranging process, not only focusing on the direction in which the shafts are pointing, but also stipulating demands in relation to factors throughout the. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Coal handling plant alignment standards for shaft to shaft. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine.
The ergonomic display unit with touch screen makes the instrument very easy to use and the builtin machine library helps storing alignment reports for multiple machines. Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and save to usb. The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. This system features optional wireless communication, as well as a cardan shaft alignment mode that allows the user to focus only on the angularity that exists between the driver and driven shafts. Jul 03, 2018 at ansi american national standards institute in the usa, work has been conducted for some time aimed at standardizing shaft alignment tolerances for axially coupled machines. All dimensions in inches motor frame shaft length typical v shaft diameter tolerance u t. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications.
For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. Compressor engineering corporation in the optical alignment field, until the formation in i985 of bently nevada alignment service corporation. Flexible couplers can tolerate small alignment errors, but for smooth, troublefree running, it is important to ensure that these two shafts are lined up to within the tolerances specified by. Are you aligning to the new ansiasa shaft alignment. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. The goal of precision shaft alignment is to make the rotational centerlines of the machines collinear when in operation. Measurement can be taken at any 3 or 4 positions and the sensor angular position is automatically considered. It is incorrect to describe them in terms of correction values at the machine feet, and we will examine why. Machinery alignment tolerance tables impact engineering. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. Yes, the shaft coupling to transmission coupling needs to fit within several thousandths, but what were talking here is the coupling fit, not the shaft alignment. It should be recognized that shaft runout and coupling surface runout do not affect shaft centerline alignment when both shafts are turned when making alignment measurements.
When you opt to use your own shaft alignment tolerances instead of using the industry standards, how do you decide what to use. That is 25 times better than the elastomeric insert coupling tolerance and 1. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. This is an intuitive concept to grasp a clearance fit specifies a fit where there will always be a gap in the joint between the mating shaft and hole. They are to be used only if no other values are prescribed by existing inhouse standards or the machine manufacturer.
The flats support the shims andor feet of the machine to be installed. The efficiency of laser shaft alignment active clock measurement mode intelligent and precise alignment due to the activated mems inclinometer used in this measurement mode. Shaft alignment laser measuring resolution down to 0. This is shown in figure 7 as the tilting movement of the gear tooth. While it is safe to say the coupling will not fail if aligned to their tolerances, it is not safe to say that bearing, seal, shaft, and other equipment component life will not. Rotalign touch is the first laser alignment tool fully designed to meet the requirements of industrial iot with rfid, wifi, and cloud data transfer. Machinery alignment tolerance tables the suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. Hello members i would like to have clarification with regards to shaft alignment tolerances mentioned in api 686 second edition dec 2009 clause 5.
Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume. This presentation breaks down and simplifies the definitions of short flex and spacer shaft tolerances. Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. An engineers guide to shaft alignment, vibration analysis. The fit designation ranges from clearance fits to interference fits. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 21. Moreover, as the name suggests, the main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling requires tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used consider all values listed to be the maximum allowable deviation from the alignment.
Arc graph was compiled from a large they within acceptable alignment number of case histories where tolerances. Track machine movement over time with easytrend optional dmbrackets required. Because of the rubber mounts, the engine will not be in the same position when running as it is when stopped, when the alignment is made. For equipment with long distances between the shaft ends, it is possible to fit the coupling and check the alignment of one shaft to the spacer and then check the spacers alignment with the second shaft. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used consider all values listed to be the maximum allowable deviation from the alignment target.
The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. The following suggested alignment tolerances are the desired values. They should be used only if no other tolerances are prescribed by existing inhouse standards. Other alignment methods include shaft tocoupling spacer, optical systems and electronic indicators. Hole alignment tolerance stacking issues fritz scholz mathematics and computing technology boeing phantom works february 24, 1999 abstract each of two parts has k coordination holes with the intent that each hole on one part is paired and to be pinned with a corresponding hole on the other part. Australia germany italy preferred tolerances in metric preferred. Shaft centerline alignment is the positioning of the rotational centers of two or more shafts such that they are colinear when the machines operate under normal conditions. A survey conducted by one of the worlds leading rotating equipment service organizations. Shaft alignment tolerances spacer couplings6, 7 angularity angles a and b, or projected offset offset a, offset b excellent acceptable rpm milsin mmmm milsin mmmm 600 1. Shaft alignment tolerances are used to ensure that a machine is properly aligned for the rpm it runs at. There are two types of misalignment, offset and angular see figure 2.
The subject of shaft alignment tolerances has been touched on before but a couple interesting discussions have taken place recently during training classes. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv. This standard is the application of alignment concepts concerning relative positions of rotating shafts connected by mechanical means. Sep 17, 2009 welcome to part 1 of 3 in a series discussing rotating machinery alignment tolerances. Listed below are descriptions of some of the components most closely associated with the unit alignment. A coupling alignment tolerance and a shaft alignment tolerance are different things very different things. Shaft tolerance h11 h9 h7 h6 h11 h9 h7 h6 h11 h9 h7 h6 h11 h9 h7 h6 h11 h9 h11 h9 h7 h6 h11 h9 h7 h11 h9 h7 h6 iso 1829 ansi b4. Terminations shaft diameter up to 28 mm are made with tolerance j6, shaft diameters from 28 to 50 with the k6 and higher shafts diameters are made with m6.
Rotalign touch advanced laser shaft alignment system. The first principle to grasp is the fit designation of the shaft hole joint. How shaft alignment tolerances must be expressed the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. Link to an article discussing how to choose which tolerances to align to. Alignment of the shaft is necessary when the motor or driven machinery is new or when it is dismantled due to improper running. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. When the centerlines of their rotating shafts dont match up perfectly, it can lead to wasted power, accelerated component wear, and even the equipment failures the following are the most prevalent causes. A pad is a small block of metal that serves to elevate the feet of the machine above the surface of the base plat e.
A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Use dial indicators or laser systems to check the alignment of directlycoupled shafts. Regarding john gross question about how a shaft can be aligned with so many things being so wobbly. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser.
Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities. As used in this specifications, a flat is a small surface flush with or cut into a base plate, machined flat, and coplanar with the other flats in the base plate. For this method it is necessary to record all four cardinal readings. In addition to providing guidance on shaft alignment tolerances, the standard describes methodology applicable to manual and laser measurements. Total indicator reading shaft runout tolerance 182t184t 2. The fixturlaser xas and gos allow you the option to. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial. Before installing the drive however, always verify that the motor meets the standard shaft. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Research paper on specifying shaft alignment by victor wowk, p. Article on shaft to shaft alignment by fourdial gage method for coal handling plant new approach by. Standard industry norms for alignment tolerances are cited in table 1. It contains specific tolerances, factors affecting alignment, and an overview of various measurement methods, following the core technical components of measure, analyze, correct, and document. Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering.
Jun 15, 2012 the shaft alignment store accepts orders and ships to usa based customers only. Spacer shafts and membrane disk couplings offset per 100 millimeters the suggested tolerances shown below are general values based upon over fifteen years of shaft alignment experience at pruftechnik ltd and should not be exceeded. When shafts are aligned, the offset and the angular must be aligned. Aug 02, 2016 the first principle to grasp is the fit designation of the shaft hole joint. Before installing the drive however, always verify that the motor meets the standard shaft diameter and t. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. The nature of inboard drive systems it is a common belief that engines and shaft couplings have to be aligned to tolerances of a few thousandths. The suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. Reference tables lawrence berkeley national laboratory. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. Acceptable alignment tolerances are thus a function of shaft speed and coupling geometry. The suggested tolerances shown on the following pages are general values based upon over 20 years of shaft alignment experience at. Ideally these two shafts will be exactly parallel and have exactly the same centreline.
Examining the 1800 rpm shaft alignment tolerances in the above table and comparing to the tolerances for the 3 coupling sizes above. Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might. Criteria for alignment tolerance the first alignment tolerances were dictated by the coupling manufacturer, by how much misalignment his coupling could take before it locked up. The acceptable offset shaft alignment tolerance for 1800 rpm is 4. The hubs could be moved back on the shafts or overhung slightly to. You must first take the wobble out of it, then align the coupling flange on. Shaft alignment store shaft alignment by vibralign. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. These standards are useful only for shafttoshaft alignment of thermal power stations coal handling plants. Assembly within recommended tolerances will equalize loading and cyclic. The shaft alignment store accepts orders and ships to usa based customers only. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling requires tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Dual psd, dual laser beams and dual inclinometers for superior control and accuracy. All types of machines having shafts as an integral part of their structure, experience problems related to shaft alignment.
It should be noted that todays highquality flexible couplings are. Shaft alignment tolerances the coupling manufacturer is generally concerned with their product effectively transmitting energy from one shaft to another. Builtin ansiasa shaft alignment tolerances alignment data can be stored in the xt application, usb drive or emailed directly as a pdf report including measurement data, color images and signature. Section 1 shaft alignment page number what is shaft alignment 9 a definition 9 machine catenary 10 operation above critical speed 11 expressing alignment alignment parameters angularity, gap and offset 14 short flexible couplings 17 spacer shafts 18 how precise should alignment be. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. He is a member of asme, the vibration institute, and the pacific energy association. If the shaft will extend into the spider, check table6 to ensure the shaft will fit in the open center in the spider. While it is safe to say the coupling will not fail if aligned to their tolerances, it is not safe to say that bearing, seal, shaft. The eight powerpoint presentation modules in the shaft alignment course are. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for vertical shaft alignment including when alignment procedures should be. Propeller thrust and engine torque will cause the engine to change position. Pulley alignment guide precision alignment is an essential part of a proactive reliability program.